{"id":148,"date":"2019-04-24T12:52:18","date_gmt":"2019-04-24T12:52:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/?page_id=148"},"modified":"2019-07-01T06:26:22","modified_gmt":"2019-07-01T06:26:22","slug":"compartmental-kinetics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/profiles\/compartmental-kinetics\/","title":{"rendered":"Compartmental Kinetics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

“Model describing drug absorption, distribution and elimination in the body which is represented as one or several compartments” <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Description<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The compartmental modeling of pharmacokinetics \nconsists in describing the fate of a drug in the body, depicted as an \nentity divided into compartments. The drug leaves the site of \nadministration (absorption<\/a>) to enter a central compartment, from which it is both exchanged with peripheral compartments (distribution<\/a>) and irreversibly eliminated (metabolism<\/a> and excretion<\/a>).\n Movements of drug from one compartment to another can be characterized \nby transfer rate constants: in linear kinetics, the rate of transfer is \nassumed to be directly proportional to the amount of drug available for \ntransfer. In each compartment, characterized by its own volume, the drug\n concentrations are proportional to the amount. Compartments, volumes \nand constants do not have a direct anatomical or physiological \nsignification. A compartment involves several organs or tissues and is \nkinetically homogenous.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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In a single compartment model<\/a>, the drug distribution is considered instantaneous throughout the entire volume of distribution<\/a>.\n In other cases, certain tissue reservoirs or peripheral compartments \ncan be distinguished from the central compartment and the plasma \nconcentration of the drug appears to decay in a manner described by \nmultiple exponential phases. For example, in a two-compartment model, \ntissues, into which the drug distributes more slowly, are lumped \ntogether as one peripheral compartment. The drug enters and leaves this \nperipheral compartment from the central compartment at a rate depending \non transfer rate constants. The transfer from the central compartment to\n the peripheral compartment can be quite fast, and the corresponding \nrapid decrease in the drug plasma concentration is called the distribution phase<\/a>. The second phase is the elimination phase<\/a>,\n which is longer, because the drug must first diffuse back from the \nperipheral compartment to the central compartment in order to be \neliminated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clinical implications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

By describing the events observed and giving an \nexplanation of the underling mechanisms, compartmental modeling allows \npredictions regarding the pharmacokinetics of a drug. This allows a \nbetter a priori adaptation<\/a> of the dosage regimen<\/a> of a drug in a particular situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Related terms<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Model: theoretical representation of a process that could explain the events observed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Model describing drug absorption, distribution and elimination in the body which is represented as one or several compartments” Description The compartmental modeling of pharmacokinetics consists in describing the fate of a drug in the body, depicted as an entity divided into compartments. The drug leaves the site of administration (absorption) to enter a central compartment, … <\/p>\n

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