{"id":189,"date":"2019-04-24T15:03:07","date_gmt":"2019-04-24T15:03:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/?page_id=189"},"modified":"2019-06-20T18:22:58","modified_gmt":"2019-06-20T18:22:58","slug":"pharmacokinetic-variability","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/applications\/pharmacokinetic-variability\/","title":{"rendered":"Pharmacokinetic Variability"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> &#8220;Inter-individual variations of a drugs pharmacokinetic parameters,  resulting in fairly different plasma concentration-time profiles after  administration of the same dose to different patients&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Substantial differences in response to most drugs\n exist among patients. Therefore, the therapeutic standard dose of a \ndrug, which is based on trails in healthy volunteers and patients, is \nnot suitable for every patient. Variability exists in both \npharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For a typical drug, one standard deviation in the \nvalues observed for bioavailability (F), clearance (CL) and volume of \ndistribution (Vd) would be about 20%, 50% and 30% respectively. \nTherefore, 95% of the time, the average concentration (Cav) will be \nbetween 35% and 270% of the target value. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most important factors in variability of pharmacokinetic parameters are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"\/pharmacology\/pharmacokinetic-variability\">Genetic<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pharmacology\/disease-and-variability\">Disease<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pharmacology\/age\">Age<\/a> and body size<\/li><li><a href=\"\/pharmacology\/concomitant-drugs\">Concomitant drugs<\/a><\/li><li>Environmental factors (e.g. foods, pollutants)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Other factors include compliance, pregnancy, alcohol intake, seasonal variations, gender, or conditions of drug intake. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"244\" src=\"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/variability_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/variability_02.jpg 350w, https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/variability_02-300x209.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clinical implications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Individualization of dosage regimen to a \nparticular patient is critical for optimal therapy. This is particularly\n true for drugs with a narrow therapeutic window.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Until recently, reasonable individual estimates of \ndosage regimen were based on the patient&#8217;s weight, age, renal, hepatic \nand cardiovascular function and concomitant drug administration. Taking \ninto account genetic markers is now proposed to complete dosage regimen \ndecisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Inter-individual variations of a drugs pharmacokinetic parameters, resulting in fairly different plasma concentration-time profiles after administration of the same dose to different patients&#8221; Description Substantial differences in response to most drugs exist among patients. Therefore, the therapeutic standard dose of a drug, which is based on trails in healthy volunteers and patients, is not suitable &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/applications\/pharmacokinetic-variability\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Pharmacokinetic Variability&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-189","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/189","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=189"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/189\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":475,"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/189\/revisions\/475"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=189"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}