Description<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Rifampicin is used in the treatment of \ntuberculosis. It may also be used in the treatment of other infectious \ndiseases such as in the eradication of meningococci from healthy \ncarriers. Because of the ease with which many pathogens develop \nresistance to rifampicin monotherapy, it is often used in combination \nwith other antibacterial drugs.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rifampicin undergoes rapid and complete absorption<\/a>\n after oral administration. Absorption is improved when the oral dose is\n taken on an empty stomach, as food may decrease the rate of absorption \nof rifampicin. Rifampicin absorption is very sensitive to changes in product formulation<\/a>. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rifampicin undergoes wide distribution<\/a>\n into most body tissues and fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid. \nIt has a unique property of penetrating intracellularly. The protein \nbinding is approximately 80%. Rifampicin crosses the placenta and may be\n found in maternal milk.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rifampicin is extensively eliminated by intestinal and hepatic metabolism<\/a>. The drug and its metabolites are largely excreted<\/a> in bile and eliminated in stools. Rifampicin undergoes enterohepatic recirculation<\/a> as does its metabolites. Only a small proportion of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine<\/a> (15-25%), giving the urine an orange color.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n Since rifampicin is a potent enzyme inducer<\/a> of the cytochrome P450 oxidase system, its administration is associated with numerous drug interactions<\/a>. Rifampicin also has an inducer effect on its own hepatic metabolism. Therefore, repeated administration<\/a> of rifampicin increases its oral clearance<\/a>\n by inducing its own gut and hepatic metabolism or enhancing its biliary\n excretion. Rifampicin also induces the activity of the \nglucuronyltransferases, sulphotransferases and the efflux transporter \nP-glycoprotein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Because of the potential for drug interactions<\/a>,\n patients receiving concomitant therapies which may be altered by \nrifampicin should be monitored closely to ensure efficacy of these \ntherapies.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n Use with caution and modify dosage regimen<\/a> in patients with liver impairment, as metabolism<\/a> can be significantly altered with marked reduced hepatic function, especially when used in combination with other hepatotoxins, (e.g. isoniazid) or inhibitors (e.g. antiretroviral drugs). No dose adjustments are needed for renal dysfunction or dialysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rifampicin pharmacokinetic parameters Clearance (CL) 10 L\/h Volume of Distribution (Vd) 70 L Half-life (t1\/2) 4 h Description Rifampicin is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It may also be used in the treatment of other infectious diseases such as in the eradication of meningococci from healthy carriers. Because of the ease with which many … <\/p>\nClinical implications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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