{"id":84,"date":"2019-04-24T12:15:10","date_gmt":"2019-04-24T12:15:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/?page_id=84"},"modified":"2019-04-26T12:35:19","modified_gmt":"2019-04-26T12:35:19","slug":"galenics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/mechanisms\/galenics\/","title":{"rendered":"Galenics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> &#8220;Characteristics of the pharmaceutical formulation of a drug, which  determines its mode of administration and its absorption kinetics&#8221; <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-2-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\nDifferences in formulation pertain to excipients and manufacturing processes. Formulation can largely determine the extent and <a href=\"\/pharmacology\/absorptionrateconstant\">rate of drug absorption<\/a> and therefore drug efficiency.\n\n\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"346\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 344 \/ 346;\" width=\"344\" controls src=\"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/galenics_Trim-2.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p> As a principle, drugs administered as solid preparations must dissolve  to be absorbed. Oral galenic formulations can be designed to: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Enhance the dissolution in the \ngastro-intestinal fluids of poorly soluble drugs. This can be achieved \nby expanding the surface area of dissolution (e.g. excipients that swell\n on contact with fluids, thus rapidly disintegrating the tablet) or by \ngiving weak acids or bases as a salt form.<\/li><li>Augment the \ntransepithelial absorption of the drug by modifying physico-chemical \nproperties of the chemical compound (e.g. addition of bile salts or \namphipatic agents to liposoluble drugs)<\/li><li>Slow the rate of release of drug in the gastro-intestinal tract and extend the absorption phase (e.g. <a href=\"\/pharmacology\/extravascular-administration\">controlled-release<\/a> formulations).<\/li><li>Avoid dissolution in gastric lumen for drugs that are destroyed by gastric acidity (e.g. coated tablets)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>After\n intramuscular or subcutaneous administration, absorption is rapid if \nthe drug is dissolved in an aqueous solution. It can be greatly delayed \nif the drug is injected as: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An oily solution <\/li><li>A salt solution of a sparingly soluble acid or base <\/li><li>A&nbsp;polymer or a network of macromolecules. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clinical implications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p> The site of administration and the drug \nformulation determine the rate of absorption and extent of absorption. \nThis rate can influence both the clinical effectiveness of a drug and \nthe tolerability profile. Galenics also affect the convenience and \ncompliance towards drug intake. The choice of the galenic formulation is\n therefore an important decision in drug therapy.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The past few years have seen highly sophisticated achievements in the field of drug delivery systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related terms<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"\/pharmacology\/bioavailability\">Bioequivalence<\/a>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"\/pharmacology\/extravascular-administration\">Lag time<\/a>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"\/pharmacology\/extravascular-administration\">Controlled-release<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Characteristics of the pharmaceutical formulation of a drug, which determines its mode of administration and its absorption kinetics&#8221; Description Differences in formulation pertain to excipients and manufacturing processes. Formulation can largely determine the extent and rate of drug absorption and therefore drug efficiency. As a principle, drugs administered as solid preparations must dissolve to be &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/mechanisms\/galenics\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Galenics&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":11,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-84","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/84","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/84\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":289,"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/84\/revisions\/289"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sepia2.unil.ch\/pharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}